ABSTRACT
Background@#Domestic yaks are the most important livestock species on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Adult female yaks normally breed in the warm season (July to September) and enter anestrous in the cold season (November to April). Nevertheless, it is unclear how ovarian activity is regulated at the molecular level. @*Objectives@#The peculiarities of yak reproduction were assessed to explore the molecular mechanism of postpartum anestrus ovaries in yaks after pregnancy and parturition. @*Methods@#Sixty female yaks with calves were observed under natural grazing in Haiyan County, Qinghai Province. Three yak ovaries in pregnancy and postpartum anestrus were collected. RNA sequencing and quantitative proteomics were employed to analyze the pregnancy and postpartum ovaries after hypothermia to identify the genes and proteins related to the postpartum ovarian cycle. @*Results@#The results revealed 841 differentially expressed genes during the postpartum hypoestrus cycle; 347 were up-regulated and 494 genes were down-regulated. Fifty-seven differential proteins were screened: 38 were up-regulated and 19 were down-regulated. The differential genes and proteins were related to the yak reproduction process, rhythm process, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway categories. @*Conclusions@#Transcriptome and proteomic sequencing approaches were used to investigate postpartum anestrus and pregnancy ovaries in yaks. The results confirmed that BHLHE40, SF1IX1, FBPX1, HSPCA, LHCGR, BMP15, and ET-1R could affect postpartum hypoestrus and control the state of estrus.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the pattern of lymph node metastasis in patients with 17 and middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma( ESCC). Methods Retrospective review the clinical data of 246 cases with T2 and middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were treated by three-field lymphadenectomy. Analyze the relationship between clinical pathological factors and lymph node metastasis. Results Lymph node metastases were found in 129 of the 246 patients (52.4% ).The average number of resected lymph nodes was 25 per patient (rangel5 -59). The rates of lymph node metastasis were 28.9% in the neck, 28.5% in thoracic mediastinum and 22.0% in abdominal cavity for patients with T2 and middle thoracic ESCC. No significant difference in lymph node metastasis' rate was observed among the neck, thoracic mediastinum and abdominal cavity. Logistic-regression showed the length of tumor, tumor cell differentiation and angiolymphatic invasion were factors influencing lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Lymph node metastasis in T2 and middle thoracic ESCC has the characteristics of upward, downward and skip spreading. Patients with T2 and middle thoracic ESCC should be treated with radical surgery with three-field lymphadenectomy.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi) by rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microimmunofluorescence assay (mIFA).@*METHODS@#RDT using a mixture of recombinant 56-kDa proteins of O. tsutsugamushi and mIFA assay were performed on 20 patients from Fujian and 13 patients from Yunnan Province, and 82 sera samples from healthy farmers in Anhui Province and Beijing City in 2009. Comparison of the RDT and mIFA assay was performed by using X(2) test and the P level of <0.05 was considered to be significance.@*RESULTS@#Among these 82 normal sera samples, the specificity of RDT was 100% for both IgM and IgG tests. In 33 samples from patients with scrub typhus, 5 cases were positively detected earlier by RDT than by mIFA in IgM test, and 2 cases were positive in IgG test. Sensitivities of RDT were 93.9% and 90.9% for IgM and IgG, respectively. The sensitivity of combination test of IgM and IgG was 100%. Geometric mean titer diluted sera from confirmed cases by IFA and RDT assay were 1:37 vs. 1:113 (P<0.001) in IgM test and 1:99 vs. 1:279 (P<0.05) in IgG test.@*CONCLUSIONS@#RDT is more sensitivite than mIFA in the early diagnosis of scrub typhus and it is particularly applicable in rural areas.